Originally used to describe antisemitic mass violence in the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century, the term “pogrom” has come to refer to any anti-Jewish group violence. Pogroms occurred with different degrees of organization, and they often involved the collaboration of police, military, or government authorities.
pogroms
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Wartime Jewish Press
Jewish Perspectives on the Holocaust"A Pogrom Wave in Germany"
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Wartime Jewish Press
Jewish Perspectives on the Holocaust"Before the war there were 80,000 Jews in Kiev..."
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German Police and the Nazi Regime
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustOrder on "Measures against the Jews"