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NAACP Anti-Lynching Leaflet

Rubin Stacy
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
View this Pamphlet

tags: activism group violence

type: Pamphlet

By the 1930s, the number of lynchings1 of Black people in the United States declined from its 20th century peak of 106 in the year 1900. But racist violence still occurred frequently. Between 1933 and 1940, at least 85 Black people were lynched in the US.2 As the Nazi threat grew during the 1930s,3 Black Americans were well aware that their native country, whose security they might one day be called upon to defend, tolerated mob violence towards its minorities much like Nazi Germany.

On July 19, 1935, a Black man named Rubin Stacy was lynched in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. The details of his murder are similar to those of many other lynchings. According to court records, Stacy knocked on the door of a white woman named Marion Jones to ask for a drink. She admitted him to the house and went to get the water. Mrs. Jones testified that Stacy then came after her with a pen knife and attempted to assault her. She screamed until Stacy ran off. He was seen hiding in bushes near the highway and reported to the police. After his arrest, Stacy denied that he attacked Marion Jones.

Rumors spread that Mrs. Jones had been raped and that vigilantes planned to seize Stacy from the county jail once night fell. It was decided to move him to Miami for his own protection. But before driving him to Miami, Chief Deputy Sheriff Bob Clark took Stacy back to the Jones home. According to newspaper reports, Mrs. Jones received a 25 dollar reward for identifying the suspect, as did each of the deputies who brought him to her house. Stacy was returned to the car which was quickly followed and run off the road. "Masked white men" then snatched the praying man from the custody of the deputies. They took Stacy back about 10-15 miles where they hanged him.

In 1937, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) selected a photograph4 of the Stacy lynching for a flyer distributed to raise support for passage of the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Bill—the last of a series of such bills to fail on the floor of the US Congress since 1922.5

Interviewed fifty years later, witnesses speculated that Sheriff Clark was the leader of the lynch mob. According to one eyewitness, Clark walked to a nearby house where he yanked down the wire clothesline and threw it over a limb of a tree. One end was tightened around Rubin Stacy's neck and his body was raised slowly from the ground. In moments, his neck was broken. Clark then told those present to shoot the body as it swayed from the tree and began passing around his handgun. Seventeen bullets hit their mark.

The governor of Florida ordered an investigation to determine who was responsible for Stacy's death. The coroner concluded that Stacy had died at the hands of "a person or persons unknown." No indictments were handed down. Years later, Marion Jones changed her story—she stated that Rubin Stacy had never attacked her or caused her harm.

The term "lynching" is most often used to characterize summary public executions by a mob, most often by hanging, in order to punish an alleged criminal or to intimidate a minority group. For more on lynching in the United States during the 1930s, see the related Experiencing History item, Abel Meeropol: "Bitter Fruit".

The Archives of the Tuskegee Institute kept statistics on lynchings for the years 1882 through 1968. The first year that there were no documented lynchings in the United States was 1952, but in following years there were several.

For more on Americans' attitudes and responses to the Nazi threat, see the online exhibition Americans and the Holocaust.

For more on lynching photographs and associated imagery in American culture, see Dora Apel, Imagery of Lynching: Black Men, White Women, and the Mob (Brunswick: University of Rutgers Press, 2004). For details on the history of lynching in the United States, see the Equal Justice Initiative's lynching report.

Largely due to opposition by Southern Democrats, the United States Congress never outlawed lynching.

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Archival Information for This Item

Source (Credit)
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
Source Number "NAACP Rubin Stacy anti-lynching flier," Clippings File, James Weldon Johnson Memorial Collection.
Date Created
1935
Author / Creator
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Language(s)
English
Location
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
Document Type Pamphlet
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