During World War II, German forces in occupied Europe often executed local civilians as reprisal actions for attacks on German soldiers or sabotage of German military sites. After the war, many people sought extrajudicial justice through personal acts of retribution and revenge. Survivors targeted kapos, camp guards, soldiers, collaborators, and German civilians for the mistreatment and abuse they endured under the Nazi regime and its allies.
retribution & revenge
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Wartime Jewish Press
Jewish Perspectives on the Holocaust"Before the war there were 80,000 Jews in Kiev..."
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the Holocaust"The Meaning of the Gallows"
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Wartime Jewish Press
Jewish Perspectives on the Holocaust"To the Wide Jewish Masses"
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustA Verdict from "Our Camp-tribunal"
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US Government Rescue Efforts
Americans and the HolocaustDeclaration of December 17, 1942
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustEichmann Trial Testimony of Zivia Lubetkin
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Propaganda and the American Public
Americans and the HolocaustGerman Leaflet Alleging Allied Atrocities
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Propaganda and the American Public
Americans and the HolocaustLidice: "This Is Nazi Brutality"
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustNotice on the Execution of Jakub Lejkin
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Medical Care, Nazism, and the Holocaust
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustOral History with Marie Ondrášová
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Family Life During the Holocaust
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustOral History with Niklas Frank
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustReport on an Incident at Neu Freimann DP Camp
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Higher Education in Nazi Germany
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustRequest for the Investigation of Professor Hans Peters
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustTestimony of Fiszl Kuszner
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Family Life During the Holocaust
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustTrial Testimony of Rosa Schnedlitz
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustVerdict in the Case of Aleksander Eintracht